Petroleum, one of the main objects of geological exploration, is a viscous, dark brown liquid, known as "the blood of industry". There are oil reserves in parts of the upper crust. The main components are mixtures of various alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. There are two theories of oil formation mechanism of oil: biological deposition to oil and petrochemical oil. The former is widely accepted. It is believed that oil is formed by organisms in ancient oceans or lakes after a long evolution, belonging to biological deposition to oil, and is not renewable; The latter believes that oil is generated from carbon in the crust itself, has nothing to do with biology, and is renewable. Petroleum is mainly used as fuel oil and gasoline, and is also the raw material of many chemical industrial products, such as solutions, fertilizers, pesticides and plastics.
Refining is a process in which crude oil or other fats and oils are distilled without altering the molecular structure, and refineries process crude oil through thermal cracking and produce liquid fuels of different densities, characteristics and functions. It generally refers to petroleum refining, that is, the cracking of crude oil, etc., into fuels such as kerosene, gasoline, diesel, heavy oil, etc., which are compatible with the use of internal combustion engines, and to the production of chemical feedstocks such as olefins and aromatics, etc., and the reprocessing of refining residues, depending on their type, actual needs, and local norms.
Natural gas refers to all gases naturally present in nature, including gases formed by various natural processes in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere (including oilfield gas, gas field gas, mud volcanic gas, coalbed gas, and biogenic gas).The commonly used definition of "natural gas" for a long time is a narrow definition from an energy perspective, referring to a mixture of hydrocarbons and non hydrocarbon gases naturally stored in the formation. In petroleum geology, it usually refers to oilfield gas and field gas. Its composition is mainly composed of hydrocarbons and contains non hydrocarbon gases.
The chemical industry is a diverse basic industry, and in order to meet the various needs of chemical production, there are many types of chemical equipment and the operating conditions of the equipment are also relatively complex. According to operating pressure, there are vacuum, atmospheric pressure, low pressure, medium pressure, high pressure, and ultra-high pressure; according to operating temperature, there are low temperature, normal temperature, medium temperature, and high temperature; Most of the processed media are corrosive, or flammable, explosive, toxic, and highly toxic. Sometimes for a specific equipment, there are both temperature and pressure requirements as well as corrosion resistance requirements, and these requirements are sometimes mutually restrictive, and sometimes certain conditions often change
Coal chemical industry refers to the process of taking coal as raw material and converting coal into gas, liquid and solid fuels as well as chemicals through chemical processing. Mainly includes coal gasification, liquefaction, dry distillation and tar processing and calcium carbide acetylene chemical industry. Coal chemical processing. The chemical structure of organic matter in coal, is mainly aromatic thick ring as the core of the unit, by the bridge bond connected to each other, and with a variety of functional groups of the macromolecular structure, through thermal and catalytic processing, coal can be converted into a variety of fuels and chemical products.
The power industry converts primary energy such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear fuel, hydroenergy, ocean energy, wind energy, solar energy, and biomass energy into electrical energy through power generation facilities, and then supplies users with energy through power transmission, transformation, and distribution systems.
The metallurgical industry refers to the industrial sector that mines, selects, and sinters metal ores and smelts them into metal materials.
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